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<>Scientists have managed to photograph, for the first time, the interior of a hydrogen atom. The experiment pushed the boundaries of what quantum physicists thought was possible and could help researchers develop ultrafast electronic components in the future. The Dutch researchers used a laser and a microscope to look inside the atom, writes descopera.ro. Such images have never been captured before because, in all previous experiments of this type, the processes involved had destroyed the particles that scientists were trying to photograph.
The scientists used a special lens that magnifies the image up to 20,000 times, creating a so-called “quantum microscope”. Quantum theory describes the behavior of a particle using the so-called wave function – a mathematical way of describing how particles behave in space and time.
Measuring a wave function is very difficult because they are fragile; Most attempts to directly observe wave functions destroy them, in a process called collapse. So the experimental measurement of the properties of a wave function requires reconstructing it from different measurements – all destructive – made on different atoms or molecules, brought into identical states before they are measured.
Physicists from the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, in Amsterdam, however, have succeeded in a non-destructive approach to this problem, publishing their results in Physical Review Letters. The researchers bombarded hydrogen atoms in an enclosure with two laser beams, thus energizing the electrons and making them move in directions and at speeds that depended on their wave functions. A strong electric field applied inside the enclosure altered the trajectories of the electrons in a way that depended on their initial velocities. The behavior of the electrons was measured with the help of a detector; Their distribution when they reached the detector corresponded to the wave functions that the electrons had had at the time they had left the electronic shell of the hydrogen atom. The device represented the distribution of electrons on a phosphorescent screen, in the form of light and dark rings, which the researchers photographed using a high-resolution digital camera.
The development of this technique could make some quantum properties – difficult to study due to the very small scale at which everything happens – easier to research, and could stimulate the development of new technologies at the atomic and molecular scale.
Hydrogen was chosen because of its simple structure; It is not yet known whether the method can be applied to particles with a more complex structure.
Source: jurnalul.ro